|
|
comments (0)
|
|
|
comments (0)
|
The
model prison is located in Beijing City, Xuanwu outside the south of Caishikou, east of the Taoranting Park, Beijing city to the north of the south wall yaojiajing area (now Qingzhiyuan residential).
since the prison self built, after 11 renamed, the change of the subordinate units of the 17. The prison was originally called "the model prison". The first year of the Republic of China (1912) in May 28th, the Ministry of justice sent a check, renamed Beijing prison".
1914 in October, the Beijing prison was renamed as "the first prison", still attached to the Ministry of justice. In 1928, the first prison was renamed "Hebei No. 1 prison".
1946 began in late April, the prison custody were detained pending traitors, 549. Including the chairman of the North China government committee Wang Yitang,persol lunettes de soleil homme, Kawashima Yoshico,lunette de soleil homme marc jacobs 2016, etc..
the supervisor in March 31, 1909 to play the preparation, construction in 1910; put into use in November 10, 1912. A new prison built in Beijing in the late Qing dynasty. The schema is designed by Dr. Oka Shigejiro.
leaked prisoners in.
prisoner of clothes.
prisoner of matches.
weavers.
The first prison· 1917 -1919 [Gamble]
photograph: Sidney D. Torgovnik Torgovnik

京师模范监狱坐落于北京市宣武门外菜市口以南、陶然亭以东、北京外城南城墙以北的姚家井地区(现为清芷园小区)。

该监狱自筹建以来,历经11次更名,17次变更隶属单位。 该监狱最早名为“京师模范监狱”。民国元年(1912年)5月28日,司法部派员验收,改称“北京监狱”。

1914年10月,北京监狱改称“京师第一监狱”,仍隶属司法部。1928年,京师第一监狱更名为“河北第一监狱”。

1946年4月下旬,该监狱开始收押未决汉奸,先后共收押了549名。其中包括华北政务委员会委员长王揖唐、川岛芳子等。

该监于1909年3月31日奏请筹建,1910年动工;1912年11月10日投入使用。是清末在北京所建的一座新式监狱。构造图式由日本人小河滋次郎博士设计,celine lunettes de soleil 2015。

放风中的犯人。

做衣服的犯人。

制作火柴的犯人。

织布的犯人。

京师第一监狱·1917年-1919年【摄影:Sidney D. Gamble】
|
|
comments (0)
|
in salt
Qing salt merchants, since Kangxi, and is known to. North Koreans AKI (who is Kangxi in Nalan Ming Ju Sydney family, later he made flattering pearl merchants),dior lunette prix, as the contracted Changlu salt, not just wealth, his collection of paintings, are now included in the national treasure, the painter Wang Shigu, is fabulously rich, he is special for review of painting and calligraphy.
to the Qianlong era, enjoy the luxury of Yangzhou salt merchants, more than general Wang Houke and.
Qianlong emperor sighed: "I hope that the afterlife is not the emperor's incarnation, only the Yangzhou salt merchants better."
Qian Long visited Yangzhou, the salt merchants play all day, they throw on gold, with the emperor in the garden and play in private, Qian Long returned to Beijing, also blackmail them many treasures Wenwan, they have no grudges, because the emperor's visit, the merchants of natural social status, the sale is no problem, spent, can thousand fold back.
if you read "Yangzhou restaurant.", you can imagine how salt merchants garden luxury mansion.
in the Daoguang and Xianfeng Period, there is a company called Guangzhou seamount Koon gardens, is the garden of the crown, Guangdong merchants pan old. Pan rich, "notes" in the river corridor, a pond, pond about acres, a large hall, "around the veranda to sail round bar shield, carving embellishment, all neatly". A pool in Taichung and Zhili, sound out of the water. East Baita, northwest area high-rise Pavilion ten, the water really mountain, lined with a pavilion, this park, long known for Guangdong people.
pan in sensual, there is also a collection of painting and calligraphy, engraved with "seamount Koon series" and "seamount Koon plexus tie". Because pan communication is very wide, then high celebrities handwriting the very rich, which not only save a nominee momiao, such as Xu returned donations pan hired Fujian and three hundred of the letters, and of great historical value.
later Shixuan pan with salt business failure, owed tax officer a lot, seamounts Koon did not enter the official auction, because the price is high, but no one could afford to buy. To say "lottery sale method", each ticket three silver, a total of thirty thousand tickets sold out quickly, there is a tutor in the award; one by giant households in three under each land, garden house 1/3.
salt of the rich, remarkable.
said you should say the salt merchants, officer.
Qianlong era salt, "rely on bureaucrats" (Beijing officials, even the emperor) "by a young Baishiwanliang profiteers", said the silver hand is not difficult, every time the emperor's southern tour, the salt (salt transportation reimbursement) more than the governor governor; an insatiable demands at the age of Qianlong's birthday we are greedy, and, to the two officer in the heavy burden of Huai salt.
repeatedly Qianlong Jiangnan, Yanguan repeatedly calamity. He sometimes by the salt merchants to blackmail. Salt in Yangzhou salt diet, enjoy singing and dancing, Baoju dedication, it is be nothing difficult.
salt officer's office is not large, but income >
乾隆皇帝为何说来世愿做盐商
清代的盐商,从康熙以来,就以豪富著称。朝鲜人安岐(曾是康熙朝重臣纳兰明珠的家仆,后来明珠抬举他做了盐商),因承包长芦盐,财富无算,单就他收藏的书画来说,现在都列入国宝,可谓富可敌国,大画家王石谷,就是专门替他审订书画的。
到了乾隆时代,扬州盐商享受之奢侈,更不是一般王侯可及。
乾隆皇帝曾叹息:“愿来世不投生皇帝家,只投生扬州盐商家更好。”
乾隆南巡扬州,整天在盐商家玩乐,他们日掷万金,陪伴皇帝在园林私邸中吃喝游耍,乾隆回京,还敲诈他们不少财宝文玩,他们也绝无吝啬,因为得到皇帝的光临,这家盐商自然身价百倍,买卖是毫无问题,花去的,便可以十百倍捞回来。
若是读一下《扬州画舫录》,就可想象盐商们的园林府第有多豪奢。
在道、咸年间,广州有一家叫海山仙馆的名园,属园中之冠,lunettes vue chanel,是广东盐商潘氏旧业。潘氏富于资财,《河廊笔记》中说,仅仅一池塘,就大约百亩,临池一座很大的厅堂,“左右廊庑回缭,栏盾周匝,雕镂藻饰,无不工致”。池中一台峙立,台中作乐,音出水面。东有白塔,西北一带高楼层阁十余处,真水真山,衬以楼阁,这座名园,久已为粤人所乐道。
潘氏在声色之余,亦收藏金石书画,刻有《海山仙馆丛书》及《海山仙馆丛帖》。由于潘氏交往甚广,当时达官名士之手迹所存甚富,其不但保存一代名人墨妙,如林则徐退还潘氏雇募福建兵丁三百名之捐款手札等,且深具史料价值。
后来潘氏旋以盐业经营失败,所欠官税甚多,海山仙馆没入官府拍卖,由于价高,竟没有人买得起。一说以“开彩法售之”,每票三分银,共三万票,很快售空,有一个塾师中了奖;一说由巨户三家承受,每人各得土地园宅三分之一。
盐商之富,可见一斑。
说到盐商,就要说一下盐官。
乾隆时代的盐官,“上靠官僚”(京中大官甚至皇帝),“下靠奸商”,一年少说百十万两银子到手是不难的,皇帝每次南巡,鹾使(盐运使)的报销比总督巡抚还要多;乾隆的岁时寿诞、贪相和珅的无厌索求,都给两淮盐官以沉重负担。
乾隆多次下江南,盐官多次遭灾。他自己有时也通过盐官去敲诈盐商。盐官在扬州,享受盐商的饮食歌舞,苞苴奉献,那是不在话下的,lunette steve mcqueen。
盐官的官职不大,但收入不少。直到民国,点放到扬州当几年盐务,便可享一辈子福,在清朝他们出入乘舆,和州府以上大官不容易区别。
有一位盐官出门,被一妇人拦车告状,告她的丈夫偷娶外室。那盐官却也幽默,笑道:“娘子,我管的是人家吃盐的事,却不管人家吃醋的事。”
有一位名妓,向来以淡妆素服、诗画琴棋博得文人名流颠倒,可是为势所迫,嫁了个盐商,于是有人作诗送她:
淡罗衫子淡罗裙,淡抹双眉淡抹痕。
淡淡一身全是淡,奈何嫁个卖盐人!
金钱的力量,实在是大。也难怪乾隆都羡慕盐商了。